The Effect of Global Value Chains on Employment in China’s Manufacturing Sector - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 517 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Career Essay Level High school Tags: Employment Essay Did you like this example? What is the impact of Global Value Chains on manufacturing sector jobs in China? The 21st century has been characterized largely by the adoption of trade-led development strategies. The gains of globalization and trade openness are gradually phasing out rigid protectionism. Today, capital can be invested anywhere, using labor and raw materials outsourced from anywhere, and the product be marketed anywhere as long as that ‘anywhere’ has economic value. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effect of Global Value Chains on Employment in China’s Manufacturing Sector" essay for you Create order As a result of the growing economic integration across the globe, it has become common practice for countries to export or import intermediate products for advanced processing. The increasing diffusion of technology and labor mobility has further given international trade the new dimension of joint production. Recent research shows that the fragmentation in production processes has been facilitated by the continued decline of transport costs and the emerging web of value addition processes (Timmer et al, 2015). Global Value Chains have thus become the center piece of production and trade policy. Today, imports are not merely finished products or consumables; they form a key part of domestic production in the importing state. Global Value Chains (GVCs) are conceptually not a new phenomenon. Yet it’s only recently that scholars have started paying attention to the impact global value chains have on employment. The creation of a new world input-output database (WIOD) and its public inception in 2012 enabled the analysis of country participation in GVCs. The database is yet to include developing countries. As a result of it being relatively recent, there has not been much focus on the subject area in general. Consequently, there are very few country studies on the effect of GVCs on employment patterns. Recent research work presents mixed findings on how foreign value added in production impacts on employment. In India, Banga (2015) finds that the domestic value added in exports had no statistically significant impact on imports. He also surprisingly finds that Foreign Value Added in exports has negative impact on growth of employment. His conclusion is that GVCs had a negative net effect on employment in India. Timmer, Los and Vries (2015) used the global input-output methodology to analyze the effect of foreign demand on employment in China for the years between 1995 and 2001. They also found that increase on foreign demand had no effect on employment. For the years between 2001 and 2006, they find that foreign demand had led to an increase in jobs. The creation of WIOD database presents an opportunity to pursue this subject further. This proposed analysis differs with the study conducted by Timmer et al in two ways. One, the study restrains the analysis to capture impact of GVC participation on employment in the manufacturing sector. Secondly, the study uses more comprehensive data from WIOD for the years between 2000 and 2014. The increase in sample observations is likely to impact on the findings. Theory: Global Value Chain theory Model TEi = ?0 + ?1 FoVAi + ?2 Tariffi + ?3GVAi + ?4LCompi+ dManfi +U Data Source1: WIOD Socio-Economic Accounts LComp- Labor Compensation (Wage) GVA- Gross Value Added TE-Total Persons Engaged (Employment) FoVA-Foreign Value Added (GVC MEASURE) Data Source2: WBG WITS, UNCTADTRAINS, World Trade Organization Tariffs- Weighed annual average tariff values

Rwanda And The Rwandan Genocide Essay - 1256 Words

Rwanda is a country located in the middle of the African continent. The two ethnic groups present in the country lived in peace under their monarch until the arrival of Europeans. The Belgians arrival into Rwandan is what split the two ethnic groups of the Tutsi and Hutus, making them identify themselves with ID cards. This caused tension between the two groups as the Belgians favored the ethnic Tutsi, and made them the head of the government. Decade’s later Hutu extremists would take over the government and have revenge on the Tutsi. The new government would send out broadcasts calling on Hutus to kill their friends and neighbors. The Rwandan genocide would become the worst genocide to ever happen in Africa and one of the worst in the world. Today Rwanda’s recovery is surprisingly fast with the help of multiple nations and organizations. Rwanda’s recovery is nothing short of a miracle and is an amazing story of a war between two peoples. The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass slaughter in Rwanda of the ethnic Tutsi and Hutu peoples. The Rwandan Genocide left 70% of total ethnic Tutsi dead and a total of 20% of the entire country s population dead. Today, more than twenty years later, Rwanda is a growing society with an ever expanding skyline. In 1918 Under the Treaty of Versailles the former German colony of Rwanda-Urundi is made a League of Nations protectorate to be governed by Belgium. The territory that later became Rwanda was administrated under a TutsiShow MoreRelatedRwandan Rwanda And The Rwandan Genocide1896 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction In the spring of 1994, more than eight thousand Rwandans were murdered, slaughtered, and bodies piled up upon the streets in less hundred days. But yet, the only reason this genocide had actually stopped, was at the cost of the Rwandan Patriotic Army, a militant group primarily composed of Rwandan refugees whom reclaimed Kigali, the capital of Rwanda. Yet, before the Rwandan genocide occurred, for many years, tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi had growth to extreme measures and leadRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide Of Rwanda941 Words   |  4 PagesStarting on April 6, 1994, Hutus started butchering the Tutsis in the African nation of Rwanda. Lasting 100 days, the Rwandan Genocide left approximately 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu sympathizers dead. To understand this act horrible against the Tutsi population, one most be aware of key historical factors that lead to increase in tension between the Tutsi and Hutu. At the point when Rwanda was initially settled, the general population who lived there raised cows. The general population who claimed theRead MoreThe Conflict Between Rwanda And The Rwandan Genocide Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagesground. Such was the scene in the spring of 1994 in the African country of Rwanda. The Rwandan Genocide claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of lives over the course of 100 days because of racial tensions between the Hutus and the Tutsis. Over twenty years later, the two tribes live together, but it is an uneasy peace. Tensions between the Hutus and the Tutsis can be traced back to the end of the First World War. Rwanda was placed under the control of Belgium because of a League of Nations mandateRead MoreRelationship Between Rwanda, Israels Perceptions Of The 1994 Rwandan Genocide1249 Words   |  5 Pagessince the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. This research has led to a greater exploration of regional dynamics between other African Great Lakes region nations. During my various periods living within Rwanda, I have had the opportunity to perform independent research and analysis on the nation’s political, military, agricultural-focused development, religious and social history and presence. This research resulted in my publication for the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs titled, â€Å"Rwanda, Israel, and OperationRead More Roots of the Rwandan Genocide1739 Words   |  7 PagesApril 6, 1994, Rwanda experienced a period of great turmoil as thousands of people fell victim to the horrors of the Rwandan genocide. The main targets of the genocide were Tutsis and Hutu moderates. Though the main cause of the genocide was a conflict between two ethnicities, the genocide was also fueled by political factors and social conditions. Rwanda is the smallest sub-Saharan country with a population of about 7 million inhabitants. Although the indigenous peoples of Rwanda are the Twa, theyRead MoreThe Rwanda Of The Rwandan Defence Force904 Words   |  4 Pageshistory, perpetrators, victims and bystanders with difficult answers on how to solve them. The post-genocide nation of Rwanda witnessed one of the most horrific events a nation could experience, genocide. However, it has rebuilt itself to become an example nation for transitional justice, political stability and economic development. Rwanda’s military capa bilities within the institute of the Rwandan Defence Force (RDF) are well known for its organisation capability and effectiveness in compact. InRead MoreGhosts of Rwanda Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesGhosts of Rwanda Reflection Does the Genocide in Rwanda have a singular cause? I do not believe so; the cause of genocide in Rwanda in 1994 was due to years of built up hatred between the Tutsis and the Hutus along with many other occurrences. The Rwandan Genocide is no exception with many variables contributing to the horrific events that took place. According to the documentary Ghosts of Rwanda, in 1994, Rwanda experienced a premeditated, systematic and state sponsored genocide with the aimRead MoreWhat Was Happening Of Your Town?1094 Words   |  5 Pageschopping 1,200 church members to death in Rwanda. I decided to dig some more information on the disturbing news. It was shocking to learn that some 800,000 people were killed in Rwanda in just hundred days (Rwanda genocide: 100 days of slaughter 2014). I wanted to know why those massive killings took place and why the world did not step in when the genocide was going on. I had to do some more research on the subject and learn about what led to the genocide and the background of it all. The simmeringRead MoreRwand The Rwandan Genocide1296 Words   |  6 Pages The Rwandan genocide was the killing of 800,000 people in just 100 days. The Rwandan genocide took place in 1994. During this time Rwanda was a small country with a mostly agricultural economy. Although it is small it had one of the largest populations. In 1994 Rwanda was made up of three different ethnic groups. The Hutu made of 85% of the Rwandan population. The Tutsi’s made of 14% of the population and was the minority. The Twa was a small Pygmy group that made up 1% of the population (unitedhumanrightsRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Rwandan genocide is undoubtedly one of the most sad and shocking examples of the lack of intervention by not only the US and the UN, but by other countries as well. The ongoing tensions between the Hutu, the largest population in Rwanda, and the Tutsi, the smaller and more elite population is what eventually lead to the Rw andan genocide. The killings began quickly after President Habyarimana s plane was shot down. After hundreds of thousands of deaths, the US did not intervene in Rwanda because

Identifying The Type Of Controlling Authority †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Identifying The Type Of Controlling Authority. Answer: Table of controlling authorities of healthcare facilities Type of facility target population groups Controlling body primary objectives for care specialization of services provided Government Hospital People who are having Low socio-economic status (SES), are unable to bear the healthcare related cost Ministry of Health The primary objective for care is to provide each individual of the area with less expensive and quality healthcare (Thakur, Hsu Fontenot, 2012) This healthcare institutes provide care for every aspect for healthcare such as physical and mental wellbeing (Thakur, Hsu Fontenot, 2012) Security/Arm forces medical services People who serve the arms or security forces of the nation Higher authority of arm force organizations or sometimes controlled by private organizations as well Provide the arm forces and their families with quality healthcare Every physical healthcare situation including emergency service Teaching Hospital Everyone can access this healthcare facility however it depends on the controlling body Both government as well as private sector control this.. Provide the emerging doctors and healthcare professionals with quality training and respective patients with secure care (Alkhamis, Hassan Cosgrove, 2014) They provide healthcare to non-emergency situations Private healthcare facility The target population of such facility includes high socio-economic status people. Private organizations To provide healthcare to each individual of the society and earn maximum revenue They provide healthcare to every physical and mental emergency or non-emergency healthcare situation (Jehanzeb, Rasheed Rasheed, 2013) Advantages and disadvantages Controlling authority Advantage Disadvantage Minister of healthcare The authority will be able to take decisions for the betterment of society (Thakur, Hsu Fontenot, 2012) Sometimes lowered cost of healthcare hampers the quality of healthcare Armed forces higher authority Will be able to provide fast and emergency service to people of armed forces They will not be able to lower the cost and provide healthcare to ordinary low SES people Private and public director of teaching institute The authority is able to create future healthcare professionals (Alkhamis, Hassan Cosgrove, 2014) As trainees will not be able to provide correct and quality treatment (Alkhamis, Hassan Cosgrove, 2014) Private hospital CEO The authority can provide healthcare to generate revenue (Jehanzeb, Rasheed Rasheed, 2013) They will not be able to provide healthcare to Low SES people (Jehanzeb, Rasheed Rasheed, 2013) Which one will be chosen? Within this, the government healthcare facility will be chosen for working in, as there is a wider and greater scope for healthcare reform and development. Furthermore, by working in a healthcare facility where low SES people comes for quality health access, I will be able to identify the gaps the healthcare sector of Saudi Arabia government has and will be able to take necessary steps to amend those faults (Thakur, Hsu Fontenot, 2012). References Alkhamis, A., Hassan, A., Cosgrove, P. (2014). Financing healthcare in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a focus on Saudi Arabia.The International journal of health planning and management,29(1). Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, A., Rasheed, M. F. (2013). Organizational commitment and turnover intentions: impact of employees training in private sector of Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business and Management,8(8), 79. Thakur, R., Hsu, S. H., Fontenot, G. (2012). Innovation in healthcare: Issues and future trends.Journal of Business Research,65(4), 562-569.

Yellow colour precipitate Essay Example

Yellow colour precipitate Essay This is used in our experiment. 2,4-DNP reacts with the carbonyl group for a condensation reaction with the elimination of a water molecule. Take propanone as an example, The product formed is a yellow colour precipitate, so we can easily distinguish the presence of C=O group. This can also help us to identify the carbonyl compound as the precipitate collected has a sharp melting point. By using the melting point test, we can find out the melting point of the crystals formed and compare the result with a data book to find out the carbonyl compound. 2. Tollens reagent (Aldehyde only) The formula of this reagent is Ag(NH3)2+.As this reagent is not very stable, it must be prepared freshly in laboratory. To prepare the reagent, aqueous ammonia can be added in a continuous fashion directly to silver nitrate solution. At first, silver oxide will be formed and precipitate out, but as more ammonia solution is added the precipitate dissolves and the solution becomes clear as diamminesilver(I) is formed. At this point the addition of the ammonia should be stopped. This reagent is used in the silver mirror test. In this test, when there is the presence of aldehyde group, there would be formation of silver mirror.The equation of this reaction is as below [Ag(NH3)2]+ (aq) + e- i? Ag (s) + 2 NH3 (aq) RCHO (aq) + 3 OH- i? RCOO- + 2 H2O + 2 e- The aldehyde acts as an reducing agent where [Ag(NH3)2]+ was reduced to Ag(S) , the formation of silver mirror. We will write a custom essay sample on Yellow colour precipitate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yellow colour precipitate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yellow colour precipitate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This reaction is very useful to extinguish aldehyde from ketone as ketone does not show this reaction. Silver mirror formed in a flask 3. Fehling reagent Aldehydes are also oxidized by the Fehlings solution. This reagent is also prepared freshly in the laboratory. It is made initially as two separate solutions, known as Fehlings A and Fehlings B.Fehlings A is a blue aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate, while Fehlings B is a clear solution of aqueous potassium sodium tartrate and a strong alkali (commonly sodium hydroxide). Equal volumes of the two mixtures are mixed together to get the final Fehlings solution, which is a deep blue colour. The Copper (II) ion is reduced to copper (I) oxide which is a red ppt, and in some cases, to copper metal (copper mirror). This is also useful to distinguish aldehyde from ketone and aromatic aldehyde as both ketone and aromatic aldehyde does not show any reaction. Using IR spectrumUsing the IR spectrum, if the compound contains a carbonyl (C=O) group, there will be a stretch in the wave number 1670-1820 with high intensity. Below is the IR spectrum of propanone Other preparation methods of ketones and aldehydes Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangement The Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry in which a primary or secondary organic peroxide is converted to the corresponding ketone and alcohol under base catalysis. Geminal halide hydrolysis The reactants are a geminal dihalide and water or a hydroxide. The reaction product is a ketone or an aldehyde.The first part of the reaction mechanism consists of an ordinary nucleophilic aliphatic substitution to produce a gem-halohydrin. Ruzicka Large Ring Synthesis Formation of large ring alicyclic ketones from dicarboxylic acids by thermal decomposition of salts with metals of the second and fourth groups of the periodic table (Ca, Th, Ce) Nef reaction Carbonyl compounds can also be formed using the Nef reaction. The Nef reaction is an organic reaction describing the acid hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary nitroalkane (1) to an aldehyde or a ketone (3) and nitrous oxide (4).Precaution of this experiment 1. Concentrated sulphuric acid is highly corrosive and oxidizing, so it must be handled with care. 2. Acidified potassium dichromate is also very oxidizing, so it should also be treated carefully. 3. If any concentrated sulphuric acid or acidified potassium dichromate are in contact with our skin, we should wash it with running tap water immediately. 4. During the oxidation of propan-2-ol, safety goggles should be worn as this reaction is highly exothermic.Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromic_acid.